PT Triputra Energi Megatara hosted the Workshop on “Transition Towards B40: Characteristics, Impact, and Mitigation”
A Discussion on B40 Implementation: From Characteristics to Potential Challenges
The Indonesian government has mandated the implementation of Biodiesel B40 starting January 1, 2025. This policy was established through the Decree of the Minister of Energy and Mineral Resources (ESDM) No. 341.K/EK.01/MEM.E/2024 concerning the Utilization of Biofuel in the form of Biodiesel as a Blend with Petroleum Diesel Fuel at a 40 percent mixture (B40).
B40 refers to biodiesel fuel consisting of a blend of 40% Fatty Acid Methyl Ester (FAME) derived from palm oil and 60% pure diesel. This program is a continuation of earlier initiatives such as B30 and B35, aimed at reducing dependence on fossil fuels, enhancing national energy security, and lowering carbon emissions.
One of the main advantages of B40 Biodiesel is its higher cetane number—reaching above 53—which improves combustion efficiency in engines, reduces the risk of starter delays, and lowers exhaust gas emissions from heavy equipment. Moreover, B40’s low sulfur content significantly contributes to environmental sustainability. Nanang Hermawan, Fuel Specialist in Oil and Gas, emphasized that a higher biodiesel blend can reduce sulfur content by up to 40 percent, positively impacting particulate matter (PM) emissions while also minimizing long-term cylinder wear and deposit formation.
“The environmental impact of B40 Biodiesel is very positive as it contains almost no sulfur, helping to reduce greenhouse gases. Its lower CO₂ content also makes it more environmentally friendly,” he explained. However, despite its many advantages, B40 Biodiesel also presents specific challenges. One common concern among users is its lower calorific value, which leads to about 0.9 percent higher fuel consumption compared to pure diesel.
“In addition, B40 Biodiesel has the potential for increased monoglyceride levels, reduced oxidation stability, and higher water content. These can lead to sediment forming at the bottom of fuel tanks,” Nanang added. “If monoglyceride levels are too high, viscosity increases; if oxidation stability drops, acid numbers can rise; and if water content increases, microbial growth may occur, which can result in deposits forming at the bottom of tanks. This poses a risk of fouling and deposit buildup on injectors, nozzles, pistons, and valves.”
The success of B40 implementation requires the involvement of all stakeholders—government, producers, distributors, and end-users—to ensure quality standards and infrastructure readiness. Major challenges include blending processes, transportation, and end-user acceptance. Therefore, additional filtration is recommended to remove contaminants and prevent blockages in the fuel system. Customers are also encouraged to use additives such as antioxidants, cold flow improvers, and stabilizers. These measures can help maintain B40 fuel stability and performance.
To maintain biodiesel quality, deeper knowledge of fuel properties and appropriate mitigation strategies is essential. In response, PT Triputra Energi Megatara held its third Workshop: Transition Towards B40 – Characteristics, Impact, and Mitigation, on Thursday, February 27, at Mercure Hotel Samarinda. The workshop covered various technical aspects of B40, including its benefits and implementation challenges. Held annually along with on-site training sessions, this workshop is designed to support customers in maximizing energy performance, particularly in the mining and plantation industries.